Russian/Soviet/WarPacGround Based ECM Systems
Technical Report APA-TR-2009-0501 |
byDr Carlo Kopp, AFAIAA, SMIEEE, PEng
May2009
Updated June, 2009
Updated April, 2012
Text,Line Art © 2009 - 2012 Carlo Kopp |
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The Kvant SPN-2,3,4Heart Ache family of mobile jammers are designed to deny surveillanceusing radars in the 2 to 4 centimetre wavelength bands, with additionalcapabilities against terrain following and terrain avoidance radarsoperating in the same bands (Images © MiroslavGyűrösi).
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- Introduction
- Kvant SPN-2 / 1RL248-2HighPowerKu-Band Radar Jammer
- Kvant SPN-3 / 1RL248-3High Power X-BandRadarJammer
- Kvant SPN-4 / 1RL248-4High Power X-BandRadarJammer
- SPN-30 High Power X-BandRadarJammer
- Kvant SPN-40/SPN-40M2 /1RL238 High PowerKu-BandRadarJammer
- Pelena-1 High Power S-BandCounter-AWACS Radar Jammer
- Pelena-6CommunicationsJammer
- 1L245 Ground-Based WeaponsControl Radar Suppression System
- R-330B/R-330T AutomatedVHF Jamming System(Upgraded Version)
- R-934B/BM VHF/UHF AircraftCommunications Automatic Jamming Station
- Kvant AKUP-1 / 1L213MAutomatedJammerControl System
- References
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Introduction Russia's defence industrycontinues to actively export a wide range of ground based electroniccountermeasures systems, spanning both communications jammers and radarjammers, the latter mostly optimised for the defeat of airborne ISRsystems. Due to the technically sensitive nature of EW, public disclosures onthe technical parameters of these designs are often limited. With theavailability of GaAs components, DRFM technology, and COTS processing,we can expect to see deep upgrades to a number of these systems incoming years.
USDoD Frequency Chart.
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| Electronic CounterMeasuresSystems |
Kvant SPN-2 / 1RL248-2 HighPowerKu-Band Radar Jammer
Target Emitters: SLARs, Attack Radars, TFRs RosoboronexportDescription(Cite): The SPN-2 (1RL248-2) Heart Ache noisejamming system is designed to deny enemyreconnaissance and observation of area and small-size ground objects byairborne side-looking radars, air-to-surface guided weapons controlradars, as well as navigation and low-altitude flight control radars. The SPN-2 system can suppress two side-looking radars, or twolow-altitude flight control radars, or up to six weapons control radarsin two directions simultaneously. Suppression can be carried outdepending on the antenna beam width: within a 10x45-deg sector (narrowbeam mode) or a 45x45-deg sector (wide beam mode).
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| Types of jamming signals:
- quasi-continuous noise/masking jamming ofeitherselective (6 to 19 MHz) or barrage (260 to 270 MHz) type;
- repeater noise jamming, if the hostile radarbeingsuppressed operates in the pulse-topulse frequency agility mode.
EquipmentComposition:
- antenna vehicle with antenna-feeder system andassociated equipment
- combat control vehicle fitted withcommunications,data transmission, testing and recording systems
- electric power supply system including a 60 kWdieselgenerator and industrial electric converter
All components of the SPN-2 jamming system are mounted on aself-propelled high-mobility wheeled chassis, and are operated by acrew of five. |
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Kvant SPN-3 / 1RL248-3 High Power X-BandRadarJammer
TargetEmitters: SLARs, AttackRadarsThe SPN-3 Heart Ache is a derivative of theKu-band SPN-2 jammer, built to operatein the 3 centimetre band. The systems share a considerable amount ofhardware, butdiffer in the RF components of the designs. Cited band coverage is 8.5to 10.2 GHz[3].
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Kvant SPN-4 / 1RL248-4 High Power X-BandRadarJammer
TargetEmitters: SLARs, AttackRadars The SPN-4 Heart Ache is aderivative of the Ku-band SPN-2 jammer, built to operatein the 4 centimetre band. The systems share a considerable amount ofhardware, butdiffer in the RF components of the designs. Cited band coverage is 6.0to 8.5 GHz. Основныехарактеристики:
PerformanceSpecifications:
| Рабочий диапазон частот
Operating frequency range | сантиметровый
centimetre
| Суммарная мощность, излучаемаяпередатчиком, Вт
Total Emitted Power [W]
| 1250-2500 | Дальность, км:
Range [km]
| | разведки РЛС УО, РЛС БО, РЛС ОПМВ
airborne radar emitter detection | не менее 150 | определения параметров системы и классаРЛС
emitter identification and classification
| не менее 80 | подавления РЛС УО
fire control radar
| не менее 40-60 | подавления РЛС ОПМВ
terrain following radar
| не менее 30-50 | Пределы работы по угловымкоординатам, град:
Angular range [deg]
| | по азимуту
in azimuth
| 360 | по углу места
in elevation
| от -2,5 до +45
(узкая диаграмма направленности/narrow beam)
от -7,5 до +78
(широкая диаграмма направленности/wide beam) | Ширина сектора одновременнойработы, град:
Field of regard [deg]
| | по азимуту
in azimuth
| 45 | по углу места
in elevation
| 45 | Точность определения среднейчастоты спектрапринимаемого сигнала, МГц
Mean spectral accuracy [MHz]
| не хуже 3,5
no worse than 3.5
| Ширина спектра, маскирующегопомехи, МГц:
Jamming bandwidth [MHz]
| | прицельной по частоте
spot jamming
| 6-19,2 | заградительной
barrage jamming
| 230-240 | Число РЛС, подавляемых одновременно:
Number of emitters jammed:
| | РЛС БО
Multimode radar
| ≥2 | РЛС ОПМВ
Terrain following radar
| ≥2 | РЛС УО
Fire control radar
| ≥6 | Время задержки выдачи ответнойпомехи с момента приемасигнала перестраиваемой по частоте РЛС, мкс
Response time against frequency hopping emitter [µs]
| не более 15 | Максимальное время непрерывнойработы, ч
Maximum duration of continuous operation [hr]
| 24 | Напряжение питания от сетипеременного тока, В:
Mains power consumption [W]
| | частотой 400 Гц (от собственногогенератора)
onboard 400 Hz generator
| 220 | частотой 50 Гц
50 Hz mains
| 380 | Потребляемая мощность, кВт
Power consumption [kW]
| 50 | |
SPN-30 High Power X-Band RadarJammer
Target Emitters: SLARs, Attack Radars, TFRs
Rosoboronexport Description(Cite):The upgraded SPN-30 Paint Boxnoisejamming system is designed to deny enemyreconnaissance and observation of area and small-size ground objects byairborne side-looking radars (SLAR/SAR), air-to-surface fire controlradars, as well as navigation and low-altitude terrain following radars.
The SPN-30 system provides the following modes:
- interrupted CW
- pulse train or repeater
- spectrally matched noise jamming
Performance Specifications
| Диапазонрабочих частот, ГГц
Operating frequency range, GHz
| 8-12 | Энергетический потенциал, дБ (Вт):
Power output rating [dBW]:
| | при узкой диаграмме направленности
narrow beam mode
| 68 | при широкой диаграмме направленности
wide beam mode
| 54 | Эквивалентная чувствительность приприеме сигналов, дБ (Вт):
Receiver sensitivity [dBW]
| | менее 100 мкс
less than 100 [µs] | -123 | более 100 мкс
greater than 100 [µs]
| -140 | Динамический диапазон сигналов, дБне менее
Signal Dynamic Range [dB], no less than
| 60 | Параметры анализируемых сигналов:
Analysed Signal Parameters
| | простых импульсных:
basic pulse:
| | по длительности, мкс
duration [µs]
| 0,1-5 | по частоте повторения, кГц
at PRF [kHz]
| 0,25-300 | сложных ЛЧМ с крутизнойвнутриимпульсной модуляции:
Complex linear FM chirped pulse modulation:
| | по длительности, мкс
duration [µs] | 1-300 | по частоте повторения, кГц
at PRF [kHz]
| 0,5-10 | Крутизна внутриимпульснойперестройки частоты, МГц/мкс
Chirp rate [MHz/µs]
| ≤ 3 | Поляризация на прием и передачу
Receive/Transmit Polarisation
| наклонная
oblique
| Пределы работы, град.:
Angular range [deg]
| | по азимуту
azimuth
| 360 | по углу места
elevation
| 1-70 | Боевой расчет, чел.
Crew
| 4 |
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Kvant SPN-40/SPN-40M2 / 1RL238 High PowerKu-BandRadarJammer
UpgradedKvant SPN-40M2 counter-ISR and TFR jammer (image © MiroslavGyűrösi).
TargetEmitters: SLARs, AttackRadars, TFRs The SPN-40 Dog Cart was specifically developed as a Ku-band noise anddeception jammer intended to defeat NATO fighter bomber TerrainFollowing Radars (Tornado / F-111), but also other airborne emittersoperating in the same Ku-band.
PerformanceCharacteristics
| Диапазонрабочих частот, МГц
Operating Frequency Range [MHz]
| 13333- 17544
| | КлассРЛС | УО,БО, ОПМВ / SLAR, Fire Control, TFR
| Видыпринимаемых сигналов
Waveform Types Received
| Простыеимпульсные сигналы
Basic pulsed
квазинепрерывные сигналы
Interrupted CW
непрерывные сигналы
CW
ИС с ЛЧМ
Linear Chirped Pulse
ФКМ с ППРЧ
Phase modulated frequency hopping
| Видыформируемых помех
Jamming Modes
| МИП-I
МИП-II
МИП-I+ШП
МИП-II+ШП
Квазинепрерывные шумовые прицельные по частоте маскирующиепо дальности | Излучаемаямощность,Вт
Radiated Power [W]
| неменее 600
not less than 600
| Потребляемаямощность, кВт
Power Consumption [kW]
| 27
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Kvant SPN-40M2 Upgrade Poster /Datasheet [Click for more ...]
Above:SPN-40M2 upgradedsteerable emitter array, below: poster image of SPN-40M2 stowed forredeployment (image © MiroslavGyűrösi).
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Pelena-1 High Power S-BandCounter-AWACS Radar Jammer
Target Emitters: APY-1/APY-2 E-3 AWACS Rosoboronexport Description(Cite): The Pelena-1 jamming system isdesigned to jam airborneearly warning radars of AWACS-type aircraft. The system denies detection by AEW radars of the protectedinstallations with radar cross-sections of up to 15 sq.m. It iseffective at a range of 50-80 km from installations protected and up to250 km from radars being jammed.
| Composition: P-02 powerplant trailer P-03 control trailer 5E96 electric power station spare parts, tools and accessories kit cable sets operational documentation |
Pelena-6CommunicationsJammer
Pelena 6 jammerinstalled on aBTR-70 IFV chassis at MAKS 2009 (© 2009 Vitaliy V. Kuzmin). Arange of frequencies 20 - 1000 МГц 20 - 1000MHz
Выходная мощность
Power Output не менее 60 Вт not less than 60 W
Количество литер
Number Liter 4 4
Вес передающего устройства
Weight transmitting device не более 18 кг. not morethan 18 kg.
Конструктивное исполнение
Embodiment Специальный металлический корпус сдополнительными кронштейнами для крепления штатного бронижелета с цельюзащиты изделия в боевых условиях.
Special metal housing with additional bracket for mounting afull-bronizheleta to protect products in combat conditions.
Габаритные размеры Dimensions 380х290х270 мм. 380h290h270 mm.
Электропитание от бортсетиPower of bortseti 12(+3; -1,2) В или 24 (+6, -2,4)В. 12 (3, -1,2) or 24 (+6, -2.4) V.
Потребляемая мощность Power не более 450 Вт not more than 450 W
Signal Topol E High PowerUHF-BandCounter-AEW&C Radar Jammer The Topol E is available in twoconfigurations, the first is a transportable system carried in twoshelters, the second a mobile system carried by three Ural-4320-31trucks.
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TargetEmitters: APS-120/125/138/139/145E-2C Hawkeye Manufactured by theSignal Stavropol Radio Plant, the Topol E is aspecialised Counter-ISR jammer developed to defeat variants of the USNavy E-2C Hawkeye AEW&C system. Two subtypes are available, intended to defeat various configurationsof the E-2 series:
Variant 1: Effective against the AN/APS-120,-125,-138,-139 radars;
Variant 2: Effective against the AN/APS-120,-125,-138,-139, -145 radars; Комплектация поставки НСП Станция изготавливается в двух комплектах поставки согласно таблице. №
п/п | Наименование | Кол-во | | Комплект поставки 1СЖКИ.462723.008 | | 1 | Контейнераппаратный СЖКИ.468157.031 | 1 шт. | | 2 | Модульжизнеобеспечения СЖКИ.468364.089 | 1 шт. | | 3 | ЭлектростанцияЭД 3 0-Т400-1РПМ2 ЖШТИ.561234.022 | 1 шт. | | 4 | Имитаторсигналов СЖКИ.464217.003 | 1 шт. | | 5 | ЗИПодиночный СЖКИ.468157.031 ЗИ | 1 комплект | | 6 | Эксплуатационнаядокументация СЖКИ.468157.031 ЭД | 1 комплект | | Составконтейнера аппаратного: антенная система сприводом вращения; аппаратура обнаружения, пеленгования, селекции ивоспроизведения; выходные усилители мощности; выносной пультуправления; средства. | | | Комплект поставки 2СЖКИ.462723.008-01 | | 1 | Машинааппаратная на шасси автомобиля «Урал-4320-31»сжки.468157.031-01 | 1 шт. | | 2 | Модульжизнеобеспечения на шасси автомобиля«Урал-4320-31» СЖКИ.468364.089-01 | 1 шт. | | 3 | ЭлектростанцияЭФ-2х30Т4001РА на шасси автомобиля«Урал-4320-31» | 1 шт. | | 4 | Имитаторсигналов СЖКИ.464217.003 | 1 шт. | | 5 | ЗИПодиночный СЖКИ.468157.031-01 ЗИ | 1 комплект | | 6 | Эксплуатационнаядокументация СЖКИ.462723.008-01 ЭД | 1 комплект |
| Составмашины аппаратной: антенная система с приводомвращения; аппаратура обнаружения, пеленгования, селекции ивоспроизведения; выходные усилители мощности; выносной пультуправления; средства оперативно-командной связи. Состав машиныэлектропитания: два дизель-генератора (основной и резервный); пультконтроля и управления; средства оперативно-командной связи. |
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Технические характеристики | Тактико-техническиехарактеристики | Значения параметров длявариантов поставки станции помех | | 1 | 2 | | Диапазонрабочих частот | B | B | | Энергетическийпотенциал помехи, кВт | не менее 40 | не менее 80 | | Эквивалентнаячувствительность дБ (Вт), не хуже | минус 90 | | Динамическийдиапазон входных сигналов, дБ, не менее | 70 | | Максимальноеудаление НСП от подавляемой РЛС, км | 250 | | Расстояниеот РЛС до границы зоны прикрытия самолетовпри максимальном удалении РЛС от НСП, км, не более | 80 | 80 | | Секторподавления в азимутальной плоскости относительноглавного луча диаграммы направленности РЛС, град. | ±25 | ±45 | | Количествоодновременно подавляемых РЛС | 1 | Пределыработы станции по угловым координатам, град.:
по азимуту (относительно продольной осиконтейнера) по углу места | ±85
от 0,6 до 5 | | Времянепрерывной работы, ч, не менее | 24 | Потребляемаямощность, кВт:
в режиме разведки в режиме подавления |
не более 10
не более 20 |
не более 10
не более 25 | | Условияэксплуатации: температура окружающего воздуха,С° | от -40 до +50 |
Ural 4320-21 truck usedformobile variant of Topol E jammer (Avtomobilniy Zavod Ural). |
1L245 Ground-Based WeaponsControl Radar Suppression System
Target Emitters: Attack Radars Rosoboronexport Description(Cite): The 1L245 radar suppressionsystem is designed to protect friendly ground installations, weaponsand other materiel, including small-size materiel, from electronicreconnaissance by airborne radars. The system provides electronic suppression of the main antennadirectional lobe of airborne target acquisition radars making part ofreconnaissance/strike systems and operating in the terrain-mapping andmoving target selection modes, as well as tactical aircraft radarsincluding side-looking radars
| Composition - equipment, including primary power source, mounted ona single MT-LBU-1 chassis
- single spare parts, tools and accessories kit
- operating equipment set
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R-330B/R-330T Automated VHF Jamming System(Upgraded Version) R-330UAutomated VHF Jamming System
Partially deployed antenna on a HungarianArmy R-330U jammer, carried on a Ural 375 truck. The rectangularhousing is used to stow the antenna (image © MiroslavGyűrösi).
TargetEmitters: VHF bandcommunications 30 - 60 MHz (U); 30 - 100 MHz (T/B) against AM, FM, CW,SSB, ISB, FSK, PSK modulations.
The R-330U family of 1 kiloWattVHF band communications jammers was developed by TNIIR Efir. The designoperates in two subbands, 30 - 42 MHz and 42 - 60 MHz, with theupgraded R-300T/B variants extended to 100 MHz. Older variants weresupplied on the Ural 375 chassis, newer wheeled variants on the KAMAZ43101 or Ural 43203-31 / К2-4320 6 x 6 chassis, with the MTLBu trackedvariant also remaining on offer. The system is powered either by atowed ED-30 (ЭД30-Т400-1РПМ1) diesel generator or mains grid powerconverter.
RosoboronexportDescription(Cite):The upgraded R-330B/R-330T VHFjamming system is designed for detection, direction-finding and jammingof VHF communication facilities operated at tactical command level atfixed frequencies with conventional waveforms, in programmed andautomatic frequency tuning modes, as well as for transmitting shortencoded messages. The jamming system provides analysis and selection ofemitters’ signal parameters. Composition The R-330B/R-330T VHF jamming system consists of an equipment vehicleon a wheeled (R-330T) or tracked (R-330B) chassis, a diesel electricpower station mounted on a two-axle trailer (R-330T), or MT-Lbuarmoured tracked chassis (R-330B), a set of operational documentation,and a single spare parts, tools and accessories set.
R-330U Specifications
| | Диапазонрабочих частот, МГц: | 30,0- 60,0 | | Мощностьпередатчика, кВт: | 1,0 | | Скоростьпанорамного обзора частотного диапазона МГц/сек: | до7000 | | Среднеквадратичнаяошибка пеленгования, град.: | 2,5 | | Количествоквазиодновременно обслуживаемых целей при подавлении: | до6 | | Определениекоординат источника радиоизлучений при работе в паре |
| | Обнаружениесигналов с ППРЧ, ск/с: | до1000 | | -подавление, ск/с: | до300 | | Экипаж,чел: | 4 | | Времярозверт. | 70мин | | Аппаратураразмещена в кузове-фургоне на шасси автомобиля повышенной проходимости | КАМАЗ-43101,старый парк - УРАЛ-375 | | Электропитаниевозможно от следующих источников: |
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| -промышленная сеть 220/380 В 50 Гц. |
| -дизельная электростанция ЭД-30 на двухосном прицепе (ЭД30-Т400-1РПМ1)
| | Габариты,мм | 8600х 2600 х 3845 | | Вес,кг | 18120 | Source:http://kvantsait.ucoz.ru/publ/1-1-0-20
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Deployedantenna on a Hungarian Army R-330U jammer, above and below (images © MiroslavGyűrösi).
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| Deployed configuration of the KAMAZ hostedR-330T and MTLBu hosted R-330B VHF band communications jammers. Notethe height of the telescoping mast system.
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Newbuild R-330T hosted on theUral 43203-31 / К2-4320 6 x 6 chassis, stowed with generator in tow,and deployed (Efir images).
New build R-330T interior. The COTSdigital hardware displaces the hardwired analogue components of thelegacy R-330U series (Efir images).
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R-934B/BM VHF/UHF AircraftCommunications Automatic Jamming Station
R-934B on Ural 4320 (images © MiroslavGyűrösi).
The R-934B jammer is intendedto disrupt airborne voice and data communications channels operating inthe VHF and UHF bands. The system is available in two configurations,either carried on an MT-LBU tracked chassis, or a Ural 4320-31 series 6x 6 truck with a K1-4320 chassis, using a 16 kW towed generator.
R-934B jammer carried ontheMT-LBU tracked chassis.
Astowed R-934B system.
R-934B on Ural 4320 indesertcamouflage (image © MiroslavGyűrösi). |
ElectronicWarfare C3 / Command Posts
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Russian doctrine for theoperation of EW assets in air defence applications employs a centrallycontrolled model. A Panorama sectorCommand Post controls one or moreKordon-60 Command Posts, each of which is tied to an 85V6 Orion/VegaEmitter Locating System, and a group of jammers.
Airdefence sector ELINT and EWbattalion structure.
Kvant AKUP-1 / 1L213M AutomatedJammerControl System
Rosoboronexport Description(Cite):The AKUP-1 (1L213M) automatedjammer control system is designed to control operation of a group ofjamming stations of three jamming companies. Each jamming company can comprise up to nine jamming stations (sixSPN-4s and three SPN-2s) and one automated control post.
Composition:The AKUP-1 automated jammercontrol system comprises one AKPB automated battalion command post andthree APUR automated company control post. Each post incorporates:
- a command vehicle;
- a communications vehicle;
- an electric powerplant (a 2x16-kW diesel generator and anindustrial power converter);
- a spare parts, tools and accessories kit (one for the wholesystem).
The jamming companies operationis coordinated by the automated battalion command post. The AKUP-1 jammer control system is fitted with the automatic testingand fault-finding equipment capable of tracing malfunctions toindividual line replaceable units. It can operate reliably withtemperatures ranging from -50oC to +40oC and relative air humidity ofup to 98%. The AKPB and APUR control posts are manned with seven- and six-personcrews respectively.
References - ФГУП"ПО"Квант", 173001 Россия, Великий Новгород, ул. БольшаяСанкт-Петербургская, 73, URL: http://kvant.natm.ru/product/
- Ставропольскийрадиозавод «Сигнал», Россия, 355037, г. Ставрополь, 2-й Юго-Западныйпроезд, 9А, URL: http://www.signalrp.ru/
- J.C.Wise, Radar Emitter DataBase (REDB),URL: http://www.radars.org.uk/
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| ImagerySources: Kvant, Rosoboronexport, Russian MoD |
| TechnicalReport APA-TR-2009-0501 |
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